State Route 106 is a 46-mile (74 km) long route in the south-central part of the state. The route begins at the Conecuh–Butler County line, serving as a continuation of Conecuh County Road 106. The eastern terminus of the route is at its junction with U.S. Highway 29 southwest of Brantley.

State Route 106 traverses Butler and Crenshaw Counties along a two-lane road. As it leads across Butler County, the route travels eastwardly, continuing this trajectory until it crosses into Crenshaw County. After crossing into Crenshaw County, the route turns southeastwardly until it reaches its terminus near Brantley.

Between 1962 and 1968, the section of State Route 106 between its junctions with Interstate 65 and U.S. Highway 31 saw significant traffic. The temporary northern terminus of the Interstate Highway route was at the interchange with State Route 106, and motorists had to use the state route to connect with US-31, which parallels I-65 through Alabama.