U.S. Route 301 is a north–south United States highway that runs for 194 miles (312 km) from the South Carolina state line, near Rowland, to the Virginia state line, near Pleasant Hill.

US 301 follows the same route as Interstate 95 through North Carolina; they both enter the state at South of the Border, overlap together around Lumberton, and share multiple interchanges before reaching Virginia.

Starting at the South Carolina border, with US 501, it goes northwest through Rowland before merging with I-95, from exit 10 to exit 22. North of Lumberton, it criss-crosses I-95 before entering Fayetteville, overlapped with I-95 Business along Eastern Boulevard. North of Eastover, it gets ignored by I-295 as it parallels I-95 to its immediate west. Traversing through the cities of Wade, Godwin, Dunn, and Benson, where it is ignored by I-40; it continues on through Smithfield, Selma, and Micro. At Kenly, US 301 goes away from I-95 into the cities of Wilson and Rocky Mount, before returning to a more easterly parallel. US 301 continues north through the towns of Enfield, Halifax, Weldon, and Garysburg, before crossing into Virginia.

US 301 was established in 1932, replacing US 217, from the South Carolina state line to Wilson, and US 17-1, from Wilson to the Virginia state line. In 1934, NC 22 and NC 40 were dropped along the route.

Route changes along US 301 started in the early-1950s with a new bypass (Eastern Boulevard) around central Fayetteville and a new bypass west of Halifax. In 1955 or 1956, a new bypass (Ward Boulevard) was built east of Wilson. By 1958, US 301 was widen to four-lane around Lumberton, Fayetteville, and between Kenly-Rocky Mount; it was also at this time that Elm City was bypassed. In 1961, I-95 was overlapped with US 301 on the Lumberton bypass. By 1984, US 301 was extended south along I-95 to exit 10, keeping its routing through Rowland.