Ohio State Route 310 (OH 310) is a north–south state route in the central portion of Ohio. The highway extends 13.99 miles (22.51 km) from its southern terminus at OH 204 south of the hamlet of Etna to the northern terminus at OH 37 approximately 2 miles (3.22 km) southeast of Johnstown.

OH 310 starts at a T-intersection with State Route 204 (OH 204) in Liberty Township in rural northern Fairfield County. Little more than 0.5-mile (0.80 km) north of OH 204, OH 310 meets Palmer Road, which straddles the Fairfield-Liberty County Line. Less than 1-mile (1.6 km) after crossing into Licking County's Etna Township, OH 310 arrives at a diamond interchange with Interstate 70 (I-70).

North of I-70, OH 310 enters into the hamlet of Etna, passing by a few residential streets before arriving at a signalized intersection with the four-lane divided U.S. Route 40 (US 40). For the next mile, OH 310 passes by a mix of residential subdivisions and open fields. At the Refugee Road intersection, OH 310 enters Pataskala. OH 310 continues to traverse both houses and open space for approximately the next 1.5 miles (2.4 km). At that point, OH 310 continues into Pataskala along Main Street through a heavily residential portion of the city, en route to intersecting Ohio State Road 16 (OH 16).

Meeting OH 16 (Broad Street) at a T-intersection, OH 310 turns east and follows OH 16 for one block, to the Township Road intersection. There, OH 310 resumes its northerly trek, and passes along the eastern edge of Broadview Golf Course, through the County Road 28 intersection. North of there, OH 310 enters a more rural setting, while serving as the eastern city limits of Pataskala. Through this area, OH 310 continues to pass by the occasional residential subdivision. OH 310 passes through a "staggered" intersection Hollow Road, then upon meeting Township Highway 148, OH 310 becomes the boundary between Jersey Township and St. Albans Township. Continuing through farmland, with scattered houses along the way, OH 310 arrives at the Morse Road (County Road 25) intersection. Further north, OH 310 goes by the Willow Run Golf Course. At the northeast corner of that golfing facility, OH 310 meets Ohio State Route 161 (OH 161).

Northerly from OH 161, OH 310 turns entirely into St. Albans Township, now traversing a mix of woods and open space, while passing the occasional residence. Through this stretch, OH 310 intersects Jersey Mill Road (County Road 91), Jug Street (County Road 22) and County Road 33, and crosses over the Raccoon Creek. OH 310 then passes into another Liberty Township...this time, Licking County's Liberty Township...before arriving at its northern terminus at Ohio State Route 37 (OH 37).

When established in 1932, OH 310 existed entirely within Licking County. At the time, it only extended across the portion of its current routing from US 40 in the hamlet of Etna to OH 16 in Pataskala.

In 1937, OH 310 underwent extensions at both the southern and northern ends of the route. To the south, OH 310 was extended into Fairfield County to its current southern terminus at a then newly-extended OH 204. North of Pataskala, OH 310 was designated along a previously un-numbered road up to a junction with OH 37 southeast of Johnstown.